Which combination correctly lists the three turning forces used by children?

• A. Weight transfer, friction, momentum
• B. Arm swing, knee bend, speed
• C. Upper body rotation, leg steering, tipping the ski
• D. Edge angle, base pressure, ski length

Answer: (C)

The turning forces kids use focus on coordinating three inputs: upper body rotation, leg steering, and tipping the skis. Turning begins when the upper body rotates toward the direction of the new outside hip, which sets the torso and hips to align with the curve of the turn. At the same time, the legs steer to guide the feet and skis along the desired arc, providing precise control and keeping balance as you move through the turn. Finally, tipping the skis—edging the outside ski by tipping the ankle and knee—engages the ski edge with the snow, creating grip that allows the turn to carve smoothly rather than slide out.

This combination is effective for beginners because it separates control of direction (upper body), the path of the skis (legs), and edge engagement (tipping). Other terms listed aren’t the three turning forces used in this teaching framework: weight transfer, friction, and momentum describe broader effects; arm swing, knee bend, or speed aren’t the core turning forces; and edge angle, base pressure, or ski length describe factors or equipment rather than the three specific turning forces.