Which combination correctly lists the three turning forces used by children?

• A. Weight transfer, friction, momentum
• B. Arm swing, knee bend, speed
• C. Upper body rotation, leg steering, tipping the ski
• D. Edge angle, base pressure, ski length

Answer: (C)

The main concept here is the three turning controls commonly taught to children learning to ski. When kids turn, they use a triad of movements that guide the skis into the new direction: upper body rotation to lead the turn, leg steering to direct the skis through the knee and ankle, and tipping the ski to set the edge and engage the turn. Each piece plays a distinct role—upper body rotation helps redirect momentum, leg steering provides the actual ski movement on the snow, and tipping the ski creates the edge angle that carries the turn through the arc. Together, these forces give a child a stable, coordinated way to initiate and finish turns, especially as they’re still developing balance.

Other options mix concepts that aren’t the standard three turning forces for children. Weight transfer, friction, and momentum describe broader physical ideas rather than the specific three controls kids use to turn. Arm swing or speed aren’t the recognized trio of turning forces, and edge angle, base pressure, or ski length are more about the mechanics and setup of turning rather than the three essential actions kids use to steer and shape a turn.